Evolution of placental mammals over the past 160 million years witnesses the relative sparing of muscles from cancer attacks. In 1) nude mice with human gastrointestinal or lung tumors, and 2) human subjects with liver, lung or ga- strointestinal tumors, intra-tumor implantation of allogeneic human myob- lasts induced cancer apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis and tumor growth. We postulate four mechanisms of cancer apoptosis: a) myoblasts releasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); b) deprivation of nutrients and oxygen; c) local in- flammatory and immunologic attacks; and d) prevention from metastasis. These basic and clinical studies demonstrated preliminary safety and efficacy of intra-tumor myoblast implantation in the development of prevention and treatment for cancer, now the number one disease killer of mankind.

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http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=75577